Penilaian Semula Stesen Rujukan Takwim Hijri Malaysia [Review of Hijri Malaysia Calendar Reference Station]

Abstract

Takwim Hijri di Malaysia disusun berdasarkan kaedah rukyah dan hisab dengan penentuan tarikh awal Bulan menggunakan laporan kenampakan Anak Bulan atau penggunaan syarat imkanur rukyah. Antara elemen penting dalam pengaplikasian kaedah ini, Anak Bulan perlu kelihatan di mana-mana stesen cerapan di Malaysia atau parameter Anak Bulan telah memenuhi syarat imkanur rukyah di stesen rujukan takwim Hijri di Tanjung Chincin, Pulau Langkawi. Walau bagaimanapun penggunaan stesen rujukan ini boleh menimbulkan masalah jika kewujudan Anak Bulan berlaku di antara stesen rujukan dan Malaysia timur. Situasi ini mengwujudkan sifat Anak Bulan yang berbeza bagi Malaysia walaupun tarikh awal Bulannya sama. Terdapat pilihan menjadikan lokasi timur Malaysia sebagai stesen rujukan takwim berdasarkan justifikasi Anak Bulan yang wujud dan memenuhi syarat imkanur rukyah di timur menyebabkan kawasan sebelah barat juga dipenuhi. Kajian ini akan menerbitkan maklumat parameter kenampakan Anak Bulan yang terdiri daripada ketinggian, jarak elongasi serta umur Bulan selama 3 tahun bersamaan 36 lunasi. Maklumat ini akan digunakan untuk membuat justifikasi kesannya terhadap kenampakan Anak Bulan di stesen timur dan barat. Selain itu, perbandingan data parameter bagi bulan Hijri tertentu akan dipaparkan dalam bentuk grafik peta. Satu garisan lurus yang memenuhi syarat kenampakan Anak Bulan ditambah pada peta ini. Paparan ini telah menunjukkan kesan penggunaan stesen rujukan di timur lebih padan dengan justifikasi syarak, rasional saintifik dan konsep takwim awal Bulan Hijri MABIMS.

The Hijri calendar in Malaysia is tabulated based on the rukyah (visual observation) and hisab (mathematical calculations) methods. Meanwhile, determining the beginning of a month (awal bulan) is based either on reports on the sighting of the new moon or the imkanur rukyah criteria. One important element in this method is that the new moon must be sighted in any of the observation stations in Malaysia or the new moon’s perimeter fulfils the imkanur rukyah criteria at the reference station in Tanjung Chincin, Pulau Langkawi. However, the use of this station could cause problems if the new moon appears in between the reference station and East Malaysia. This situation creates different characteristics of the new moon in Malaysia although the date of the beginning of a month is the same. There are suggestions to make East Malaysia a reference station based on the justification that the new moon does exist, and it fulfils the imkanur rukyah criteria at the East, just as in the West. This study intends to provide information regarding the perimeters for sighting the new moon, which consists of the height, the elongation length as well as the age of the moon for 3 years or 36 lunar months. This information can be used to justify its effect on the sighting of the new moon at the East and West stations. Besides that, a comparison of perimeter data for specific Hijri months will be displayed in the form of a graphic map. A straight line that indicates the fulfilment of criteria for sighting the new moon is added to the map. The display shows that the results obtained from using the reference station in the East is consistent with that justified by the syarak, scientific rational and MABIMS Hijri calendar concept based on the sighting of the new moon (marking the beginning of a month or awal bulan).