Pendekatan al-Biruni dalam Memahami Konsep Gerhana Menerusi Kitab al-Qanun al-Mas'udi [Using The al-Biruni Approach to Understand The Eclipse Phenomenon Based on The al-Qanun al-Mas'udi Scripture]

  • Rodhiyah Shahimi
  • Roslan Umar
Keywords: Gerhana, al-Biruni, al-Qanun al-Mas’udi, nas syarak, teori sains

Abstract

Perkembangan ilmu sains yang semakin meluas mendapati banyak buku-buku, artikel, jurnal dan sebagainya yang membahas tentang kejadian gerhana matahari dan gerhana bulan ini. Kitab al-Qanun al-Mas’udi karya Abu Rayhan al-Biruni adalah sebuah kitab ilmu falak membahaskan fenomena gerhana dengan lengkap. Permasalahan yang dikaji turut merangkumi konsep gerhana matahari dan bulan menurut pandangan sarjana Islam dan Barat, konsep gerhana menurut al-Biruni berdasarkan kitab al-Qanun al-Mas’udi dan analisis daripada nas dan syarak serta teori sains untuk melihat keselarasan antara Sains dan Islam. Kajian ini bersifat kepustakaan (library research), bertujuan untuk menjawab semua persoalan yang dikemukakan. Sumber primer untuk kajian ini adalah kitab al-Qanun al-Mas’udi dan data sekundernya diperolehi daripada beberapa dokumen bertulis seperti buku, makalah, artikel, jurnal dan tesis. Semua data tersebut diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil daripada kajian terhadap kitab al-Qanun al-Mas’udi, al-Biruni adalah seorang sarjana Islam yang mempercayai teori geosentrik iaitu menganggap matahari bergerak mengelilingi bumi. Pendapat ini berbeza dengan pendapat ahli-ahli astronomi lain yang mempercayai teori heliosentrik iaitu matahari sebagai pusat tata suria dan bumi yang mengelilingi matahari. Tetapi, konsep gerhana secara umum yang dinyatakan al-Biruni berdasarkan kitab beliau itu adalah selari dan sama dengan pendapat ahli-ahli astronomi yang lain iaitu berlakunya kejadian gerhana apabila matahari, bulan dan bumi berada pada satu garis lurus astronomi. Oleh kerana itu, maka kitab al-Qanun al-Mas’udi adalah kitab yang sesuai dijadikan rujukan pada zaman sekarang untuk mengetahui bagaimana berlakunya fenomena gerhana matahari dan gerhana bulan.

The ever-expanding development of science has found that many books, articles, journals etc have debated on the eclipse of the sun and moon phenomenon. The al-Qanun al-Mas’udi scripture by Abu Rayhan al-Biruni is one of the scriptures on astronomy that has fully discussed the eclipse phenomenon. The problem statement discussed in this study included the eclipse of the sun and moon phenomenon according to the views of Western and Islamic scholars, according to al-Biruni’s al-Qanun al-Mas’udi scripture and the analysis of religious decrees and syarak as well as scientific theories in order to examine the compatibility between science and Islam. This study applied the library research method in order to answer all the research questions. The primary data source was the al-Qanun al-Mas’udi scripture and the secondary source was several written documents, such as books, magazines, articles, journals, and thesis. Data were then coded and analysed using the descriptive analysis method. Findings based on the al-Qanun al-Mas’udi scripture indicate that al-Biruni was an Islamic scholar who believed in the geocentric theory, which states that the sun moves around the earth. This view slightly differed from other astronomers, who believed in the heliocentric theory, which says that the sun is the centre of the solar system and the earth moves around the sun. However, the eclipse phenomenon mentioned by al-Biruni and based on his scripture is consistent and similar to the views of other astronomers, which literally says that an eclipse occurs when the sun, moon and earth are in a straight astronomical line. Therefore, the al-Qanun Al-Mas’udi scripture is an appropriate reference for understanding how the eclipse of the sun and moon occur.

Published
2020-04-23