https://ajocs.com/index.php/ajocs <p>Founded in 2019, <strong>Asian Journal of Civilizational Studies (AJOCS)</strong> is an international refereed academic journal. The Journal published quarterly. <strong>AJOCS</strong> is a peer-reviewed journal that is committed to the publication of scholarship in the arts and humanities in Asian regional. It particularly focuses on the study of the languages, literature, art, archaeology, history, religion, anthropology, performing arts, cinema and tourism of the region. In addition to welcoming individual articles, it also publishes special issues focusing on a particular theme. Furthermore, it aims to foster excellent research, particularly in this area. It is a peer review and opens access journal. It publishes articles and research papers pertaining to history, civilization, though, system and development from the various perspective in Malay, English and Arabic. Articles submitted to the journal should meet these criteria and must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere. Manuscripts should follow the style of the journal and are subject to both review and editing.&nbsp;</p> <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p> AL-HAJJAJ Enterprise en-US Asian Journal of Civilizational Studies (AJOCS) 2682-8022 https://ajocs.com/index.php/ajocs/article/view/144 <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong>This study investigates four manual visualization techniques in architectural drawing through a thematic analysis of three Subject Matter Expert (SME) who specialize in the integration of art and architecture. Focusing on manual study drawings within the context of architectural graphic presentation, the research aims to identify and synthesize visualization methods used by SMEs to support first-semester diploma architecture students who struggle with producing three-dimensional (3D) drawings manually. Employing a qualitative, phenomenological research design, data were collected through interviews, visual analysis, and direct observation. Thematic analysis was conducted using Feldman’s Theory of Art Criticism as a framework. The study identifies four key techniques—quality of line, Line Visual Art (LVA), color application, and color intensity—that contribute to the development of a graphic Shading Line Style (gSLine) in 3D representation. These findings are synthesized into four essential steps that offer a structured guide for manual architectural drawing production. The study recommends the systematic documentation of these techniques to enhance teaching and learning practices in architectural graphic education.</p> Maria Mohammad Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Civilizational Studies (AJOCS) 2025-03-31 2025-03-31 7 1 1 13